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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">njes</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Экономические системы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Economic Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2309-2076</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Дашков и К</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29030/2309-2076-2026-19-1-215-226</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">njes-229</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD ECONOMY AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обоснование модели внедрения кооперации и краудфинансирования в молочной отрасли Республики Беларусь в контексте мировой экономики и цифровых экосистем</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Justification of a cooperation and crowd-based financing model for the dairy industry of the Republic of Belarus in the context of the world economy and digital ecosystems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клименко</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimenko</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семен Николаевич Клименко – аспирант</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Semyon N. Klimenko – Ph.D. student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semen-klimenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений (университет) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>215</fpage><lpage>226</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клименко С.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клименко С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klimenko S.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.njes.ru/jour/article/view/229">https://www.njes.ru/jour/article/view/229</self-uri><abstract><p>Молочная отрасль агропромышленного комплекса Республики Беларусь является экспортно ориентированной с высокой капиталоемкостью, зависимостью от качества управления стадом, логистики охлажденного сырья и требований к прослеживаемости в международной торговле. В статье обосновывается теоретическая модель внедрения кооперации и инструментов краудфинансирования в молочном секторе Беларуси с опорой на мировую повестку: развитие глобальных цепочек создания стоимости, цифровые платформы как инфраструктура снижения транзакционных издержек и диверсификация источников финансирования малого и среднего предпринимательства. Предлагаемая модель трактует кооперацию как экономический механизм совместного владения инфраструктурой и данными (качество, ветеринария, логистика, сбыт), а краудфандинг (от англ. crowdfunding) – как механизм распределенного проектного финансирования, привязанного к измеримым производственным показателям и контрактам сбыта.Показано, что экономический эффект достигается через снижение потерь и удешевление оборотного капитала, рост производительности и управление качеством, расширение доступа к рынкам через подтверждение соответствия и прослеживаемость, перераспределение рисков между участниками цепочки. Отдельное внимание уделено ограничениям и условиям реализуемости, таким как институциональная среда кооперации, доверие и управление, защита инвесторов, киберриски, совместимость с действующим регулированием.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The dairy sector of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus is exportoriented and characterized by high capital intensity, dependence on herd management quality, chilled raw-milk logistics, and traceability requirements in international trade. The article substantiates a theoretical model for the implementation of cooperation and crowd-based financing tools in the Belarusian dairy sector in line with global economic trends, including the development of global value chains, digital platforms as infrastructure for reducing transaction costs, and diversification of financing sources for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The proposed model treats cooperation as an economic mechanism of joint ownership of infrastructure and data (quality control, veterinary services, logistics, and marketing), while crowdfunding is considered a mechanism of distributed project financing linked to measurable production indicators and supply contracts.It is shown that the economic effect is achieved through reduction of losses and lower working-capital costs, increased productivity and improved quality management, expanded market access through compliance verification and traceability, and redistribution of risks among supply-chain participants. Particular attention is given to the constraints and conditions for implementation, including the institutional environment of cooperation, governance and trust, investor protection, cybersecurity risks, and compatibility with the existing regulatory framework.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молочная отрасль</kwd><kwd>Республика Беларусь</kwd><kwd>сельскохозяйственная кооперация</kwd><kwd>цифровая платформа</kwd><kwd>цифровая экосистема АПК</kwd><kwd>краудфинансирование</kwd><kwd>краудинвестинг</kwd><kwd>краудлендинг</kwd><kwd>проектное финансирование</kwd><kwd>оборотный капитал</kwd><kwd>глобальные цепочки создания стоимости</kwd><kwd>прослеживаемость</kwd><kwd>управление качеством</kwd><kwd>транзакционные издержки</kwd><kwd>управление рисками</kwd><kwd>экспортная конкурентоспособность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dairy industry</kwd><kwd>Republic of Belarus</kwd><kwd>agricultural cooperation</kwd><kwd>digital platform</kwd><kwd>agricultural digital ecosystem</kwd><kwd>crowd-based financing</kwd><kwd>crowdinvesting</kwd><kwd>crowdlending</kwd><kwd>project finance</kwd><kwd>working capital finance</kwd><kwd>global value chains</kwd><kwd>traceability</kwd><kwd>quality management</kwd><kwd>transaction costs</kwd><kwd>risk management</kwd><kwd>export competitiveness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohlan R. 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