Justification of a cooperation and crowd-based financing model for the dairy industry of the Republic of Belarus in the context of the world economy and digital ecosystems

The dairy sector of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus is exportoriented and characterized by high capital intensity, dependence on herd management quality, chilled raw-milk logistics, and traceability requirements in international trade. The article substantiates a theoretical model for the implementation of cooperation and crowd-based financing tools in the Belarusian dairy sector in line with global economic trends, including the development of global value chains, digital platforms as infrastructure for reducing transaction costs, and diversification of financing sources for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The proposed model treats cooperation as an economic mechanism of joint ownership of infrastructure and data (quality control, veterinary services, logistics, and marketing), while crowdfunding is considered a mechanism of distributed project financing linked to measurable production indicators and supply contracts.
It is shown that the economic effect is achieved through reduction of losses and lower working-capital costs, increased productivity and improved quality management, expanded market access through compliance verification and traceability, and redistribution of risks among supply-chain participants. Particular attention is given to the constraints and conditions for implementation, including the institutional environment of cooperation, governance and trust, investor protection, cybersecurity risks, and compatibility with the existing regulatory framework.

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