Current state of Russian industry: problems, development features, prospects

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the industrial sector of the Russian Federation amid modern economic challenges and external sanctions pressure. The author examines the dynamics and structural transformations in industrial production and identifies key problems of the sector, including the high depreciation of fixed assets, technological lag behind developed countries, dependence on imported equipment and components, raw-material-oriented economic structure, shortage of qualified personnel, and institutional deficiencies. Special attention is given to the role of state industrial policy aimed at import substitution, ensuring technological sovereignty, and implementing digital technologies to enhance the competitiveness of domestic enterprises. The paper offers medium- and long-term scenario-based forecasts for industrial development, reflecting the impact of current economic trends and the implementation of adopted governmental strategies. The conclusion outlines the development prospects of Russian industry in the context of global uncertainty and economic risks.

1. Industrial production indices by type of economic activity. Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) : official. website. URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru. (In Russ.).

2. Report on the dynamics of industrial production. Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Moscow : Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, 2024. (In Russ.).

3. Kondratiev L.N., Plotnikov V.A. Development of the real sector of the economy: localization of production, technological sovereignty, economic security. Ekonomika i upravlenie v mashinostroenii = Economics and management in mechanical engineering. 2025;(5):46-50. DOI 10.48612/ecomanmash/2025-0501-4650. EDN TPRYHS. (In Russ.).

4. Efremova M.V., Nabiev A.V., Kryukova T.M. Structural transformation of the industry of the Russian Federation in 2017-2024. Ekonomika i upravlenie v mashinostroenii = Economics and management in mechanical engineering. 2025;(5):59-64. DOI 10.48612/ecomanmash/2025-0501-5964. EDN WBWNRK. (In Russ.).

5. On approval of the updated Consolidated Strategy for the Development of the Manufacturing Industry of the Russian Federation until 2030 and for the period up to 2035: Order No. 2436 r dated 09.09.2023. Government of Russia : official. website. URL: https://government.ru/docs/49489. (In Russ.).

6. Nigmatov R.R. Practical directions for implementing the strategy of structural transformations of industrial complexes in achieving technological leadership. Ekonomicheskie sistemy=Economic Systems. 2025;18(3):52-59. (In Russ.).

7. The essence and tools of ensuring the sustainability of industrial enterprises in the modern economy / L.M. Putyatina [et al.]. Ekonomicheskie sistemy=Economic Systems. 2025;18(4): 132-141. (In Russ.).

8. Razuvaev A.S., Starikovskaya N.A. Incentives and barriers to the development of Russian enterprises in the context of import substitution. Ekonomika i upravlenie v mashinostroenii = Economics and management in mechanical engineering. 2024;(6):9-15. EDN CXXXBA. (In Russ.).