The defense-industrial complex of the Russian Federation operates under a multifactorial strategic challenge: the necessity to unconditionally fulfill the state defense order, increase the share of dual-use and civilian products (production diversification) and overcome sanctions pressure through import substitution of critical components. Existing methodological approaches to assessing the strategic potential of an enterprise – industrial-economic, resource-oriented, and structural-functional – do not account for the specifics of DIC enterprises and lack specialized indicators reflecting technological independence and readiness for diversification. This article proposes a methodology for comprehensive SPE assessment, based on a hierarchical system of five groups of specific indicators: production-technological, financial-economic, human resources, scientific-technical potential, and readiness for diversification. The aggregation of indicators is carried out using a two-level multiplicative convolution, which prevents the compensation of weak links by strong ones and ensures systemic identification of bottlenecks in strategic potential.

The article systematically examines methodological approaches to improving HR business processes in conditions of high uncertainty, dynamic market environment and acceleration of digital transformation. The article presents a systematization and comparative analysis of existing methodologies for optimizing HR processes, and substantiates the criteria for choosing the optimal tools for their improvement. A classification of approaches is proposed based on the scale of changes, methodological basis and direction of impact. Special attention is paid to the impact of digital technologies and design thinking on the transformation of HR process improvement methodology, and it is established that the effectiveness of using tools depends on the level of process management maturity in the organization. The article substantiates the expediency of integrating various approaches and combining technological innovations with process improvement methods.

The article examines the model of Moscow’s digital ecosystem as a tool for managing the city’s representation in the online environment and for shaping the city brand. Based on the comparison of quantitative and qualitative indicators, the study maps key services and their functions within the structure of urban interaction. The paper reveals the multi-level organization of Moscow’s digital ecosystem, in which digital platforms and services function not only as infrastructural elements of governance but also as channels for communicating the image of the capital to different audiences. The empirical results show that the scale of reach does not always correlate with the perceived quality of services, which indicates the need to align technical integration with communication policy in order to maintain the coherence of Moscow’s brand and the stability of the territory’s digital image.

The article uses the example of regional development in Russia and China to study the mechanisms by which digitalization affects urban economies, which is an important issue for understanding current and future trajectories of regional economic growth. The article provides a comparative analysis of the concepts of urban economic development in Russia and China. It also presents methodologies for measuring the level of economic development in cities. The analysis of the impact of the digital economy on high-quality urban development has revealed five key channels of this impact. It is shown how digitalization creates a basis for the convergence of regions and reduces the gaps in their economic development, which are initially caused by the uneven distribution of production factors.

The article analyzes the most competitive segment of the global labor market – the market of highly qualified specialists, who are particularly in demand in the context of the development of artificial intelligence. There is an interest in specialists with knowledge of artificial intelligence technologies who are able to develop, implement and optimize various AI solutions. New opportunities are opening up for them to simultaneously work on several projects in different countries using online platforms.

The analysis showed that with the development of AI, new professions appear, while traditional ones change or disappear. The degree of coverage of AI jobs varies between developed and developing countries. The working-age population of developed countries is more widely covered by AI than in developing countries, which increases the gap between countries in economic development.

In order to achieve technological sovereignty in Russia, where AI plays a key role, measures are being proposed to regulate the labor market in order to provide the Russian economy with the necessary specialists.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive economic analysis of the digital transformation of the Russian industry at the present stage, with a special focus on the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into production processes. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state, intersectoral differences and efficiency factors of digitalization in four key sectors: manufacturing and extractive industries, defense industry (MIC) and agro-industrial (AIC) complexes. As part of the work, a comparative analysis of the digital maturity of these sectors was carried out, which made it possible to identify the differentiation of the levels of implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) and AI, as well as the specifics of existing barriers. The novelty of the research lies in the introduction of an integral indicator, the digital inertia index (DCI), which evaluates how investments in digitalization are converted into actual automation and the use of AI.

The purpose of this article is to determine and justify the indicators for assessing the effectiveness and economic efficiency of marketing activities. A terminological analysis of the main concepts in the field of effectiveness and economic efficiency of marketing activities of organizations has been conducted. The similarities and differences between effectiveness and economic efficiency have been established, and the indicators for assessing them have been defined, with examples of calculating individual indicators. The types of economic efficiency have been identified and characterized. Special attention is paid to the assessment of expected and actual economic efficiency. The indicators of the effectiveness and economic efficiency of marketing activities are given.

This article examines the pressing issue of personnel shortages that have arisen in many sectors and areas of the country at the current stage of Russia’s socioeconomic development. This problem has been particularly acute in both civilian and defense industrial complex (DIC) industries. To address this issue, the key cause-and-effect relationships have been identified and mechanisms for overcoming the labor shortage have been proposed in accordance with recommendations from the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade, provisions adopted by the state program «Priority», the federal educational project «Professionalism», the national project «Personnel», others. This article utilizes open-source materials from literary sources and online resources.

The article is devoted to the issues of formation of the modern economist, who should be not only a technical professional, who owns socio-economic models and methods, but also a moral agent of the welfare of society. The philosophical and psychological foundations of the person (East and West) and ethical approaches in the economy are revealed. The psychology of morals, psychological factors of economic behavior and the use of an integrative approach are substantiated. The synthesis of sciences in the integration of three components, including philosophical reflection - understanding of values and ethical foundations, psychological understanding – awareness of decision-making approaches and intellectual distortions, as well as economic tools, has been studied. An ideal portrait of a modern economist has been proposed.

Retail trade has been undergoing profound qualitative changes over the past decades, and the nature of qualitative changes requires rethinking the very concept of innovative development in relation to the retail industry. The authors focuses on the essential characteristics of the innovative development of retail trade, taking into account the evolution of interpretations of the phenomenon under study – from early classical theories to modern concepts that take into account the specifics of the digital economy. The article provides a consistent analysis of the impact of Internet technologies and other factors on the transformation of communication channels with consumers and sales, the role of marketplaces as a phenomenon that has radically changed the architecture of the retail market. Special attention is paid to innovative technologies that are implemented directly into the operational activities of retail trade enterprises, as well as the evolution of trade formats and strategies as objects of innovative transformations.

The authors comes to the conclusion that innovative development in the field under consideration cannot be characterized by point-to-point improvements, but represents a cumulative, interdependent transformation of various elements of a trading company's activities. It has been established that technological innovations primarily perform a catalytic function, triggering systemic changes in the totality of business processes, thereby forming competitive advantages of organizations and enterprises. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using its results in the development of strategies for the innovative development of retail enterprises.

This paper aims to identify the determinants of PJSC Gazprom’s capital structure for the period 2012–2024, driven by the transformation of financial management concepts. Using J. Aubert-Krier’s structural analysis method, a comparative analysis of the company’s liabilities was conducted, revealing a transition from a conservative «financial autonomy» model (2012–2019) to an active financial engineering strategy (2019 – present).

The article substantiates the transition from an empirical asset preservation model to shareholder value maximization models and assesses the associated risks in the face of global economic challenges.

The authors mathematically substantiate the range of acceptable risk and identify the corporation's financial stability zone (equity ratio from 70% to 91%), which serves as an objective criterion for assessing management effectiveness. It is concluded that the excess of short-term liabilities beyond the established limits in the current period is a consequence of the implementation of the chosen financial paradigm, which requires the adaptation of the company's economic security system to the conditions of increased debt burden.

This paper presents the results of an analysis of current issues related to ensuring the financial sustainability of the medical insurance system for military medical organizations. The study focused on financial risks and factors influencing the financial support of military hospitals. An analysis of the negative factors affecting the financial sustainability of the military medical organization’s medical insurance system was conducted. A set of effective measures was developed to minimize or even completely eliminate the potential negative impacts of these factors on the military medical organization’s medical insurance system. Furthermore, factors positively impacting the financial system of military medical organizations were identified, and measures for improving them were presented. The vast majority of the completed studies are suitable for application in other military medical organizations and civilian clinical hospitals.

The article is devoted to the specific features of implementing monetary policy in planned and market economies. The theoretical foundations of the monetary policies of J.M. Keynes and M. Friedman are analyzed. Statistical data reflecting E. Gaidar’s monetary policy and its consequences are presented. The policy of the Central Bank in the post-reform period is evaluated. Calculations of the economy’s monetization coefficient are performed. The activities of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation are examined in the context of legislative norms.

The article examines the role of Russia’s industrial cooperation with partner countries in the context of the formation of a national model of technological sovereignty and the current geopolitical tensions. Special attention is given to the strategic directions of international cooperation in priority economic activities. In the second part of the article, key barriers limiting the development of Russia’s industrial cooperation with friendly countries are examined in more detail in the context of achieving technical sovereignty. Based on the analysis, approaches are proposed to overcome these barriers in order to enhance the effectiveness of international industrial cooperation and strengthen Russia’s technical independence.

The article analyzes key resolutions on the development of transport in the context of the implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development. The shortcomings and unprocessed areas of the analyzed resolutions are revealed. The necessity of taking into account the systemforming role of transport in the implementation of sustainable development goals is shown. The proposals for improving resolutions in the field of transport development are presented, as well as the application of a risk-based approach in the management of the transport complex. The analysis takes into account the examples and conditions of the Russian transport complex.

The article reveals methodological tools for assessing the economic efficiency of trading on marketplaces. Special attention is paid to metrics related to marketing, promotion and advertising (as they are especially important for trading on marketplaces). The indicators CTR, CPC, CPM, CR, CPO, DRP, ROMI, CAC, LTV, net profit, profitability and cost are considered. The methods of calculating these indicators are given and the possibilities of their use in assessing the economic efficiency of trading on marketplaces are shown.

The article examines the evolution of approaches to trade regulation in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is determined by the changing role of trade in the national economy, the development of chain retail, the growth of e-commerce, the expansion of platform-based sales models, as well as the increasing importance of foreign trade regulation and import substitution. The content of the concept «approach to trade regulation» is revealed as the leading principle of state influence on the trade sphere, which determines regulatory risk, the object of regulation, the instruments applied, and the criteria for evaluating effectiveness. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, regulatory legal acts, and factual data on the development of retail and e-commerce, the main stages of changes in state influence on the trade sphere are identified. The consistent change of deregulating, institutional-legal, antimonopoly-contractual, consumer-oriented, platform-based, and foreign trade support approaches is substantiated. It is shown that modern trade regulation is formed at the intersection of trade, competition, consumer, digital, and foreign trade regulation.

Based on an analysis of scientific publications, statistical data, and current information, this article examines the current state of the international market for educational services. Key trends are identified: the growth of academic mobility, cross-border education, intensifying competition, a shift towards attracting talented students, and the development of online learning. Special attention is paid to the role of global university rankings as indicators of competitiveness and as instruments of economic and geopolitical influence. Based on the analysis of statistical data it is shown that targeted government investments in improving university rankings are transforming the national higher education system and strengthening the country’s position in the global market. It is concluded that Russia needs to develop a strategy for promoting its universities in global rankings.

This scientific study examines the current state of the Russian industry, reflecting its role and place in the global economy, highlighting barriers and potential for development. The authors identify the main trends in system-forming industries and especially note promising areas for improvement. The article explores the extent of digital technology adoption in production, highlighting the features and advantages of the Russian industry in achieving technological independence. In the second part of this study, the authors delve deeper into the barriers to enhancing the strategic competitiveness of the Russian industry through the lens of national security. They propose ways to overcome these obstacles.

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the industrial sector of the Russian Federation amid modern economic challenges and external sanctions pressure. The author examines the dynamics and structural transformations in industrial production and identifies key problems of the sector, including the high depreciation of fixed assets, technological lag behind developed countries, dependence on imported equipment and components, raw-material-oriented economic structure, shortage of qualified personnel, and institutional deficiencies. Special attention is given to the role of state industrial policy aimed at import substitution, ensuring technological sovereignty, and implementing digital technologies to enhance the competitiveness of domestic enterprises. The paper offers medium- and long-term scenario-based forecasts for industrial development, reflecting the impact of current economic trends and the implementation of adopted governmental strategies. The conclusion outlines the development prospects of Russian industry in the context of global uncertainty and economic risks.

The article is devoted to the issues of introducing a customer-oriented approach into the advertising management system of a modern enterprise. The theoretical foundations of customer orientation, its influence on the choice of advertising channels and communication formats are considered. Practical tools for adapting advertising messages to the needs of target audiences are analyzed, as well as criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of advertising from the perspective of long-term customer value. Special attention is paid to typical mistakes in the implementation of a customer-oriented approach in the management of the company’s advertising activities and ways to prevent them. In conclusion, recommendations are formulated on the formation of an advertising strategy of the enterprise, taking into account the needs of consumers.

Migration processes are an integral part of the economy of many countries around the world, along with the international division of labor. The issue of attracting foreign specialists is an element of economic and social security for many States. At the same time, without proper regulatory, economic and social regulation, the migration process can create more negative processes in society, therefore, the purpose of scientific work is to substantiate the directions for improving the interaction of the state and business in regulating migration processes, considering the challenges of spatial development and economic security of Russia.

The methodological basis is based on systematic, institutional and risk-based approaches, analysis of regulatory provisions, generalization of statistical and scientific sources, as well as a comparative review of foreign labor migration management practices. The paper demonstrates that migration policy in Russia should be considered not only as a tool to fill the labor shortage, but also as an element of regulating regional labor markets, tax discipline, infrastructural burden, fair competition and labor productivity. Legal, personnel, fiscal, social and infrastructural, corruption-related and spatial risks have been clarified. The need for a preventive migration management model is substantiated, including a digital migration profile, qualification verification, employer responsibility, interdepartmental data exchange and linking the attraction of foreign labor with regional development strategies.

Currently, the economy is undergoing structural shifts, especially noticeable in the trade sector: a set of factors determining competitiveness is changing. The Russian consumer market is the most important indicator of the state of the entire economy – a drop in sales directly signals a slowdown in growth. In this regard, a key task is being formed – to build an effective system of goods movement corresponding to the innovative scenario of national development. Of particular scientific and practical interest is the analysis of the factors and tools of competitiveness of importing companies that bring foreign brands to the Russian clothing market. The relevance of this issue is due to the transformation of the economy, the change of suppliers, the restructuring of value creation chains, as well as the processes of localization and diversification of logistics routes. This allowed us to formulate the purpose of the study, which is to identify and evaluate the key factors of competitiveness for importers of foreign brands.